To apply for a Direct Loan, you must complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). There are two types: Based on financial need. Interest is paid by the government while you are enrolled at least half-time and during grace periods of deferment. Only Undergraduate students are eligible for subsidized loans.Lone Mountain Main 251. 2800 Turk Street. San Francisco, CA 94118. Hours. Monday – Friday: 8:30 a.m. – 5 p.m. Fax (415) 422-6084. The Net Price Calculator is a tool for first-year undergraduate students to estimate the cost of attendance at USF. You'll need your tax information to continue.A letter asking for financial support is called a financial aid request letter. There are several reasons why a person may request financial aid, such as to pay school fees or to r...From our main webpage, select MyUSF then OASIS. There are 3 important tabs: Personal tab: All Financial Aid information will go to your USF email address, located under Personal Information tab. Review your USF email regularly! Student tab (your charges): View this tab for the direct charges billed to your Student account like tuition and fees ... Financial Aid & Scholarships. Apply for Aid – Remember to apply between October 1st and December 31st EVERY year!. Search for Scholarships – USF scholarship applications and links to Other Scholarship Opportunities outside of USF!. Learn to Use OASIS (Online Access to Student Information System) - This is your specific account information.Your EFC is an index number that college financial aid offices use to determine how much financial aid you are eligible to receive. The information you report on your FAFSA is used to calculate your EFC according to a formula established by federal law. Your family's taxed and untaxed income, assets, and benefits (such as unemployment or Social ... Nov 9, 2016 ... USF FINAID INSIGHT - Unsatisfied Requirements. 12K views · 7 years ago ...more. USF Financial Aid ... USF Financial Aid•3K views · 12:15. Go to ...Aug 24, 2023 ... An app made just for kids. Open app · USF Financial Aid. 156. Subscribe. 156 subscribers. 12. Share. Save. Report.The 2024-2025 Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) opens. Mid-March 2024. Federal Student Aid (FSA) will begin sending FAFSA application data to USF. Mid-April 2024. Financial aid award offers begin to be sent to new, first-time in college students admitted for fall 2024. May 2024. Transient Study Requirements. Complete the Florida Shines Transient Student Admission Application. Expedite your application by answering 'No' to the financial aid questions If; You don't intend to use financial aid. be classified as a degree seeking undergraduate student at USF. have successfully completed at least one term of enrollment at USF.USF financial aid is available in the form of partial scholarships or loans. A step-by-step guide for financial aid for graduate students and other information about financial aid can be found on USF's University Scholarships & Financial Aid Services website. Post 9-11 GI Bill for Veterans USF Ranked #2 in the Nation for Best Colleges for VeteransYour financial aid award offer will list the estimated cost of attendance to attend USF for one academic year. The total amount of aid you receive during the academic year – including scholarships, grants, loans and work-study. Use our Cost Calculator along with your financial aid award offer to get an accurate estimate of your costs to ... University of South Florida. Federal regulations require all schools to have a Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) to qualify for federal aid. This policy differs from other academic requirements. Tax Transcript Submission Guidelines. Make sure the student's name and USF ID number at the top of every page and submit to Office of Financial Aid (OFA). Mailing Address: 4202 East Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620. A. Get an Online Transcript Immediately. Pay close attention to the aid year on the form that you are completing. Do Not Fax Forms. We do not accept faxes of any kind. Required forms for students are posted in OASIS. Forms by Aid Year 2023-2024 Financial Aid Forms 2024-2025 Financial Aid FormsTo qualify for an automatic tuition deferment, you must be eligible to receive financial aid (including student loans) and/or scholarships. Tuition deferments are automatically posted in OASIS if you: Have scholarships that are authorized to be paid in OASIS (including Bright Futures), or; Are enrolled in at least half-time in USF classes ... To apply for a Direct Loan, you must complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). There are two types: Based on financial need. Interest is paid by the government while you are enrolled at least half-time and during grace periods of deferment. Only Undergraduate students are eligible for subsidized loans.The U.S. government offers programs and aid to assist low-income households with housing, food and more. Nearly 70 million people participate in these programs. Did you know financ...Financial Aid & Scholarships. Apply for Aid – Remember to apply between October 1st and December 31st EVERY year!. Search for Scholarships – USF scholarship applications and links to Other Scholarship Opportunities outside of USF!. Learn to Use OASIS (Online Access to Student Information System) - This is your specific account information.The USF College of Education is proud to award more than $400,000 in scholarships to our students each year through private funding. Students seeking financial assistance to pay for their education may also qualify for grants. Grants are need-based money that does not have to be repaid and are funded by Federal, state, or institutional resources.Federal regulations require all schools participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs to have a Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) policy that conforms to specific grade-based and time-based requirements. These requirements apply to all students as one determinant of eligibility for financial aid and include three components: GPA. Summer 2024 B. January 14, 2024. May 19, 2024. June 30. 2024. 2425 Payment Schedule. Fall 2024. September 1, 2024. If any of your classes do not begin at the same time as the terms/sessions listed above, your aid may pay on a different schedule. View the Alternate Payment Schedule to see when your aid will pay. Financial aid begins to pay on the seventh day of classes after enrollment is confirmed. ... Work at USF; Emergency & Safety; Title IX; USF Health; USF Athletics; USF Alumni; Support USF; USF Libraries; USF World; 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube;Pay close attention to the aid year on the form that you are completing. Do Not Fax Forms. We do not accept faxes of any kind. Required forms for students are posted in OASIS. Forms by Aid Year 2023-2024 Financial Aid Forms 2024-2025 Financial Aid FormsFederal regulations require all schools participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs to have a Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) policy that conforms to specific grade-based and time-based requirements. These requirements apply to all students as one determinant of eligibility for financial aid and include three components: GPA.You have a responsibility to: Establish plans to meet your educational and living expenses; Read all emails sent to your USF e-mail address; this is the primary way OFA will contact you about your financial aid while you are a student at USF; Stay informed by regularly checking your status in OASIS; Apply for financial aid early, if you need ...Mar 21, 2017 ... Comments ; PROS + CONS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA 2023. CLAIRE MERCIER · 8K views ; 3 FAFSA secrets to help you get the most financial aid.Enrollment Status Descriptions for Financial Aid. Enrollment statuses are the same for every semester: fall, spring, and summer. Undergraduate. (course level 1000 - 4999) Graduate/Professional. (course level >= 5000) Full-time: 12 or more undergraduate credit hours. 3/4 time: 9-11 undergraduate credit hours. 1/2 time: 6-8 undergraduate credit ...4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube Apply for Financial Aid. You can believe us when we say that we strive to make the USF experience as affordable as possible for students and their families. In 2018-19, USF awarded an estimated $504 million in financial aid. Start Your FAFSA; FAFSA Timeline; Bull2Bull (B2B) Financial Education; Types of Aid From our main webpage, select MyUSF then OASIS. There are 3 important tabs: Personal tab: All Financial Aid information will go to your USF email address, located under Personal Information tab. Review your USF email regularly! Student tab (your charges): View this tab for the direct charges billed to your Student account like tuition and fees ...People with hearing loss may soon have a much easier time buying hearing aids, as a new federal rule paves the way for less expensive devices that are available over the counter (O...Personal tab: All Financial Aid information will go to your USF email address, located under Personal Information tab. Review your USF email regularly! Student tab (your charges): View this tab for the direct charges billed to your Student account like tuition and fees, housing and meal plan charges. For a faster refund, sign up for e-deposit ... From our main webpage, select MyUSF then OASIS. There are 3 important tabs: Personal tab: All Financial Aid information will go to your USF email address, located under Personal Information tab. Review your USF email regularly! Student tab (your charges): View this tab for the direct charges billed to your Student account like tuition and fees ...Conheça todos os cursos e as mensalidades da USF - São Francisco, uma faculdade presente em 16 cidades e que proporciona aos estudantes a possibilidade de fazer 709 …Heading off for college is a big opportunity, whether you’re just graduating from high school or returning as an adult after spending a few years in the workforce. Student financia...Complete a FAFSA each year and be awarded a grant by the US Department of Education. Enroll as a degree-seeking undergraduate, pursuing a first bachelor's degree. Not be in default on a federal student loan or owe a repayment on a federal grant. The Pell Grant has a lifetime limit equivalent to 12 full-time semesters. Financial Aid & Scholarships. Apply for Aid – Remember to apply between October 1st and December 31st EVERY year!. Search for Scholarships – USF scholarship applications and links to Other Scholarship Opportunities outside of USF!. Learn to Use OASIS (Online Access to Student Information System) - This is your specific account information.Cost / Financial Aid. The total cost of tuition for the Online MA in ABA is $24,600 for in-state and out-of-state, and international students. This cost equates to $600 per credit for 41 credits. Choosing Between Online and On Campus. There are unique benefits to both studying online and studying on campus.There’s a place where it actually tells you the expected disbursement day. For example, mine says the 13th is when it’s expected to actually hit the account for USF to start being able to generate a reimbursement. I’ll try to find where it is exactly. Edit it: Found it, Oasis -> Financial Aid -> General Information - scroll to the bottom ...The EFC is the approximate amount you and your family should be able to help pay your educational costs. The FAFSA information and EFC are sent to the Office of Financial Aid to determine your financial need for need based financial aid programs. OFA determines your Cost of Attendance (COA) for the semesters you will be attending USF.Scholarships are based on academic merit, extracurricular activities (e.g., community service organizations, ROTC, Robotics, etc.), talents, or demographics. Some scholarships consider financial need and will require that you complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). After you submit your initial application, we encourage ...Tax Transcript Submission Guidelines. Make sure the student's name and USF ID number at the top of every page and submit to Office of Financial Aid (OFA). Mailing Address: 4202 East Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620. A. Get an Online Transcript Immediately. University of South Florida. 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube After your official withdraw from all USF courses for a term is processed by the University Registrar, you will be notified within 30 days if you owe an immediate repayment of financial aid student aid (e.g. student loans, Florida Bright Futures, etc.) The amount of federal student aid that you must repay is determined by the Federal Formula ... USF Office of National Scholars Additional Scholarship Search Resources There is no need to pay a search service to find scholarships for you because there is a wealth of information available free of charge on numerous websites. ... In order to check the legitimacy of a financial aid consultant or scholarship search organization, visit these ...Financial Aid and Your Enrollment. Enrollment statuses are the same for every semester: fall, spring, and summer. Enrollment requires that you are an active degree seeking student. Most financial aid awards require at least half-time attendance and many programs require full-time attendance. Enrollment Requirements. Financial Aid and Your Enrollment. Enrollment statuses are the same for every semester: fall, spring, and summer. Enrollment requires that you are an active degree seeking student. Most financial aid awards require at least half-time attendance and many programs require full-time attendance. Enrollment Requirements.Personal tab: All Financial Aid information will go to your USF email address, located under Personal Information tab. Review your USF email regularly! Student tab (your charges): View this tab for the direct charges billed to your Student account like tuition and fees, housing and meal plan charges. For a faster refund, sign up for e-deposit ... Independence Day holiday; no classes & USF offices closed. July 15: Deferment tuition payment due. Payments made after this date may incur a $100 late payment fee. ... Check your Financial Aid status to verify you have met all requirements and have turned in any documents needed for verification before course registration. Identify your ...Tip 1: Financial Aid Deadlines May Be Earlier Than Application Deadlines. Don't give colleges a reason to deny you the money you're eligible to receive by missing deadlines. Often, colleges have a deadline for scholarships or financial aid that’s earlier than the application deadline. For example, USF’s final application deadline is March 1 ...Financial Aid. The University of South Florida offers several forms of public and private financial aid including scholarships, fellowships, grants, work-study programs and loans. USF continues to have one of the lowest tuition rates throughout the United States and strives to continually make the USF experience as affordable as possible for ...Complete the 2023-2024 FAFSA. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) allows you to be automatically considered for federal, state, and institutional financial aid programs based on your dependency status and Expected Family Contribution (EFC). Use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool (DRT) to transfer your federal tax data directly to your ... For your scholarship to be paid, you must register as a full-time (minimum 12 undergraduate USF credit hours) degree-seeking undergraduate student in each term the funds are received, excluding summer. Enrolling in the minimum number of credit hours (12 credits per fall and spring semester) may not be sufficient to renew your scholarship (s ...4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube Dec 8, 2016 ... USF FINAID INSIGHT - Accept Your Awards. 8.3K views · 6 years ago ...more. USF Financial Aid. 155. Subscribe. 155 subscribers.Feb 14, 2024 · Financial assistance is available through the Office of University Scholarships and Financial Aid Services. Students requiring such assistance should contact usf.edu/financial-aid/ for information. Students eligible for tuition waivers (through assistantships, or employee benefits, etc.) should contact the department and/or college providing ... USF Admissions Scholarships. To be considered for significant admissions scholarships, all you have to do is submit a complete admissions application by the priority deadline. Opportunities are available for both in-state and out-of-state students. If you receive a scholarship, you will be notified in your acceptance letter. 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube Personal tab: All Financial Aid information will go to your USF email address, located under Personal Information tab. Review your USF email regularly! Student tab (your charges) : View this tab for the direct charges billed to your Student account like tuition and fees, housing and meal plan charges. Financial Aid. The University of South Florida offers several forms of public and private financial aid including scholarships, fellowships, grants, work-study programs and loans. USF continues to have one of the lowest tuition rates throughout the United States and strives to continually make the USF experience as affordable as possible for ...A financial aid study abroad contract is required. Your financial aid will not pay until you request enrollment verification from your school abroad, after your first week of classes, to be sent to OFA. The enrollment verification should be on the host school’s letterhead and include: your name, your USF ID, each course listed individually ...To qualify for an automatic tuition deferment, you must be eligible to receive financial aid (including student loans) and/or scholarships. Tuition deferments are automatically posted in OASIS if you: Have scholarships that are authorized to be paid in OASIS (including Bright Futures), or; Are enrolled in at least half-time in USF classes ... Complete a FAFSA each year and be awarded a grant by the US Department of Education. Enroll as a degree-seeking undergraduate, pursuing a first bachelor's degree. Not be in default on a federal student loan or owe a repayment on a federal grant. The Pell Grant has a lifetime limit equivalent to 12 full-time semesters.Contact USF. Find a phone number, website, or email address for the most common areas. Information. Have questions about USF? Call 813-974-2011 for assistance. University of South Florida. 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTubeFAFSA: This is the U.S. Department of Education form submitted to apply for federal financial aid, which is required for all federal grants, loans, and work-study programs. Colleges typically require the FAFSA for institutional and state-sponsored financial aid. Grant: This financial aid gift does not need to be paid back.Administrative Cost to USF: $375. Payment deadline to USF: Administrative cost paid to USF within 5 days of commitment to the program. Financial Aid: Students can use financial aid to pay for their program costs. Students should meet with a financial aid advisor to ensure eligibility and financial aid study abroad contract (SAE form).A letter asking for financial support is called a financial aid request letter. There are several reasons why a person may request financial aid, such as to pay school fees or to r...Semesters Attending USF: FAFSA Available Beginning: Use Federal Tax Data From: Priority Application Date: FAFSA Filing Deadline: 2024-2025: Fall 2024, Spring 2025, Summer 2025: ... Beware of sites advertising services to help you apply for financial aid for a fee. If you use one of these services, you will be providing personal information to a ...1. Complete any outstanding unsatisfied financial aid requirements 2. All emails are sent to your USF email address. Make sure you pay close attention to them! 3. Make sure your bill is paid by the deadline each semester if you do not have a financial aid tuition deferment 4. Most financial aid processes take 3-4 weeks to complete; plan ...University of South Florida. Federal regulations require all schools to have a Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) to qualify for federal aid. This policy differs from other academic requirements. USF financial aid is available in the form of partial scholarships or loans. A step-by-step guide for financial aid for graduate students and other information about financial aid can be found on USF's University Scholarships & Financial Aid Services website. Post 9-11 GI Bill for Veterans IRS Data Retrieval Tool. The IRS DRT allows you to download your (and parents, if a dependent student) tax information from your completed tax returns directly into your FAFSA. The DRT speeds up the processing of your FAFSA, and if you are selected for verification, you will not have to provide paper copies of tax documents. If you are …Find out how to apply for financial aid at USF, including FSA ID, FAFSA, scholarships, and loans. Follow the steps to complete your documents, accept your …Year 3 (Class of 2024) Annual Cost of Attendance. 10 Months of Enrollment. Tuition & Fees: Tuition for Florida State Medical schools is at a flat yearly rate, regardless of the actual hours a student is enrolled. Tuition and Fees are estimated in the Cost of Attendance using the prior aid year’s tuition and fees.Financial Aid. Financial assistance is available through the Office of University Scholarships and Financial Aid Services. Students requiring such assistance should contact usf.edu/financial-aid/ for information. Students eligible for tuition waivers (through assistantships, or employee benefits, etc.) should contact the department …Study Abroad Eligibility. To study abroad and be considered for financial aid you must: be classified as a degree seeking undergraduate student at USF. have matriculated at USF by completing at least one term of enrollment in USF classes. have an eligible Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) status (cannot be in warning or probation status, or ...The Office of Law Financial Aid is committed to providing all law students financial aid assistance to keep you informed and explore all funding opportunities and resources. USF ID Number; Law Financial Aid Walk-in, Appointments (In-person/Virtual) Cost of Attendance Survey; 2024-2025 FAFSA Simplification and ChangesAssociate Director of Financial Aid . Michelle Williamson Assistant Director of Financial Aid . Jenny Cun Financial Aid Advisor . Barbara Muffly Financial Aid Advisor . Laquanda Robinson Financial Aid Advisor. Mailing Address University of South Florida USF Health Financial Aid Office, MDC Box 42 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. Tampa, FL 33612-4799You have a responsibility to: Establish plans to meet your educational and living expenses; Read all emails sent to your USF e-mail address; this is the primary way OFA will contact you about your financial aid while you are a student at USF; Stay informed by regularly checking your status in OASIS; Apply for financial aid early, if you need ...Select ‘Tampa’ as the campus and ‘USF Health Financial Aid’ under Area. Newly admitted students should use the "Current Student" scheduler. USF Health Financial Aid Office, The WELL 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. Tampa, FL 33612-4799. MCOM + HI (MDD Building) Hours: Office Hours: Monday – Friday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm. Appointments: Some things are inevitable, like filing taxes and changes to government processes, like the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, also known as FAFSA. But unlike filing taxes, these FAFSA changes should make things easier for most ... Read More. Financial Aid and Scholarship Central.their privacy by granting permission for third party access. At USF , there are several different processes students can complete to provide third parties permission to discuss their education records and financial aid. Your student’s right to privacy is ultimately their decision and these processes must be initiated and completed by them.Financial aid awarded at the undergraduate level will be revised to meet federal, state, and institutional regulations for funds once students are reclassified as graduate students. ... USF & Private Scholarships: Eligibility is at the discretion of the awarding unit. Refer to Scholarship Terms and Conditions or contact the awarding unit/donor ...In the world of finance, being able to effectively track and analyze your company’s financial performance is crucial. One tool that can greatly aid in this process is a profit and ...Administrative Cost to USF: $375. Payment deadline to USF: Administrative cost paid to USF within 5 days of commitment to the program. Financial Aid: Students can use financial aid to pay for their program costs. Students should meet with a financial aid advisor to ensure eligibility and financial aid study abroad contract (SAE form).
Award/Benefits. Academic Requirements. USF International Transfer Student Scholarship. $2,000 ($500 per semester) Cumulative postsecondary GPA of 3.60 or higher with a minimum of 60 transferable credit hours. Application Submission by March 1, 2023. Application Completion by May 1, 2023.. Jimmy johns near
Applying by the deadline allows you the best opportunity to be considered for the most aid types possible. Use our Federal School Code – 001537. For further assistance with applying for financial aid, please contact USF's …Florida Student Assistance Grant (FSAG) The FSAG is a state funded grant for eligible undergraduate students. Funds are awarded based on full time enrollment, but pro-rated each semester if enrolled less than full time (a minimum half time enrollment is required). complete a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) by the published ...The duties of a pastoral aide involve taking care of the pastor of a congregation, which usually involves helping to take care of the pastor’s mental, emotional, financial and spir...1. Complete any outstanding unsatisfied financial aid requirements 2. All emails are sent to your USF email address. Make sure you pay close attention to them! 3. Make sure your bill is paid by the deadline each semester if you do not have a financial aid tuition deferment 4. Most financial aid processes take 3-4 weeks to complete; plan ...University of South Florida. Federal regulations require all schools to have a Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) to qualify for federal aid. This policy differs from other academic requirements. Dec 8, 2016 ... USF FINAID INSIGHT - Accept Your Awards. 8.3K views · 6 years ago ...more. USF Financial Aid. 155. Subscribe. 155 subscribers.Select ‘Tampa’ as the campus and ‘USF Health Financial Aid’ under Area. Newly admitted students should use the "Current Student" scheduler. USF Health Financial Aid Office, The WELL 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. Tampa, FL 33612-4799. MCOM + HI (MDD Building) Hours: Office Hours: Monday – Friday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm. Appointments: Financial Aid & Scholarships. Apply for Aid – Remember to apply between October 1st and December 31st EVERY year!. Search for Scholarships – USF scholarship applications and links to Other Scholarship Opportunities outside of USF!. Learn to Use OASIS (Online Access to Student Information System) - This is your specific account information.4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube Applying for federal student aid. You must complete the FAFSA application on time to be considered for federal student aid. States and colleges also use FAFSA information to award their own financial aid packages. FAFSA deadlines. Federal deadlines to submit the FAFSA are: June 30, 2024, for school year 2023-24; June 30, 2023, for …College of The Arts Financial Aid. The USF College of The Arts allocates over $200,000 a year for financial aid and scholarship funds. Learn more about scholarships open to all students registered as majors in the college. Learn more. USF Scholarships & Financial Aid. USF offers several forms of public and private financial aid including ...Financial Aid Terms and Conditions. Financial aid terms & conditions must be accepted in OASIS before you review your financial aid offers. Some scholarships may have separate terms & conditions to view; however, you can accept all terms & conditions at the same time by clicking on the “Accept” button under the terms & conditions tab in OASIS.From our main webpage, select MyUSF then OASIS. There are 3 important tabs: Personal tab: All Financial Aid information will go to your USF email address, located under Personal Information tab. Review your USF email regularly! Student tab (your charges): View this tab for the direct charges billed to your Student account like tuition and fees ...4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SVC 1102, Tampa, FL 33620, USA 813-974-4700. YouTube Phone: (727) 873-4107. Lobby Hours: Monday - Friday, 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Customer Service department: [email protected] or (813) 974-6056. All USF Student Accounting Services offices are cashless! We no longer accept physical payments in our offices. For additional information about payment options and general information related to the …Complete the 2023-2024 FAFSA. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) allows you to be automatically considered for federal, state, and institutional financial aid programs based on your dependency status and Expected Family Contribution (EFC). Use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool (DRT) to transfer your federal tax data directly to your ... The duties of a pastoral aide involve taking care of the pastor of a congregation, which usually involves helping to take care of the pastor’s mental, emotional, financial and spir....